Sequence space coverage, entropy of genomes and the potential to detect non-human DNA in human samples
Identifieur interne : 002952 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002951; suivant : 002953Sequence space coverage, entropy of genomes and the potential to detect non-human DNA in human samples
Auteurs : Zhandong Liu [États-Unis] ; Santosh S. Venkatesh [États-Unis] ; Carlo C. Maley [États-Unis]Source :
- BMC Genomics [ 1471-2164 ] ; 2008.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Amorces ADN (génétique), Analyse de séquence d'ADN, Animaux, Bases de données génétiques, Biologie informatique, Cadres ouverts de lecture, Composition en bases nucléiques, Génome bactérien, Génome humain, Humains, Myxococcales (génétique), Oligonucléotides (génétique), Sondes d'ADN (génétique), Spécificité d'espèce.
- MESH :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : DNA Primers, DNA Probes, Oligonucleotides.
- genetics : Myxococcales.
- Animals, Base Composition, Computational Biology, Databases, Genetic, Genome, Bacterial, Genome, Human, Humans, Open Reading Frames, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Species Specificity.
Abstract
Genomes store information for building and maintaining organisms. Complete sequencing of many genomes provides the opportunity to study and compare global information properties of those genomes.
We have analyzed aspects of the information content of
Measures of the frequency of oligomers are useful for designing PCR assays and for identifying chromosomes and organisms with hidden structure that had not been previously recognized. This information may be used to detect novel microbes in human tissues.
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-509) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-509
PubMed: 18973670
PubMed Central: 2628393
Affiliations:
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Le document en format XML
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Venkatesh</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.25879.31</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000419368972</institution-id><institution>Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering,</institution><institution>University of Pennsylvania,</institution></institution-wrap>Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maley, Carlo C" sort="Maley, Carlo C" uniqKey="Maley C" first="Carlo C" last="Maley">Carlo C. Maley</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.25879.31</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000419368972</institution-id><institution>Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, School of Medicine,</institution><institution>University of Pennsylvania,</institution></institution-wrap>Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.251075.4</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000119566678</institution-id><institution>Systems Biology Division, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program,</institution><institution>Wistar Institute,</institution></institution-wrap>Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Genomics</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2164</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Base Composition</term><term>Computational Biology</term><term>DNA Primers (genetics)</term><term>DNA Probes (genetics)</term><term>Databases, Genetic</term><term>Genome, Bacterial</term><term>Genome, Human</term><term>Humans</term><term>Myxococcales (genetics)</term><term>Oligonucleotides (genetics)</term><term>Open Reading Frames</term><term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term><term>Species Specificity</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Amorces ADN (génétique)</term><term>Analyse de séquence d'ADN</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Bases de données génétiques</term><term>Biologie informatique</term><term>Cadres ouverts de lecture</term><term>Composition en bases nucléiques</term><term>Génome bactérien</term><term>Génome humain</term><term>Humains</term><term>Myxococcales (génétique)</term><term>Oligonucléotides (génétique)</term><term>Sondes d'ADN (génétique)</term><term>Spécificité d'espèce</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA Primers</term><term>DNA Probes</term><term>Oligonucleotides</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Myxococcales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Amorces ADN</term><term>Myxococcales</term><term>Oligonucléotides</term><term>Sondes d'ADN</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Base Composition</term><term>Computational Biology</term><term>Databases, Genetic</term><term>Genome, Bacterial</term><term>Genome, Human</term><term>Humans</term><term>Open Reading Frames</term><term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term><term>Species Specificity</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse de séquence d'ADN</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Bases de données génétiques</term><term>Biologie informatique</term><term>Cadres ouverts de lecture</term><term>Composition en bases nucléiques</term><term>Génome bactérien</term><term>Génome humain</term><term>Humains</term><term>Spécificité d'espèce</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Genomes store information for building and maintaining organisms. Complete sequencing of many genomes provides the opportunity to study and compare global information properties of those genomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We have analyzed aspects of the information content of <italic>Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic>, and <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> (K-12) genomes. Virtually all possible (> 98%) 12 bp oligomers appear in vertebrate genomes while < 2% of 19 bp oligomers are present. Other species showed different ranges of > 98% to < 2% of possible oligomers in <italic>D. melanogaster</italic> (12–17 bp), <italic>C. elegans</italic> (11–17 bp), <italic>A. thaliana</italic> (11–17 bp), <italic>S. cerevisiae</italic> (10–16 bp) and <italic>E. coli</italic> (9–15 bp). Frequencies of unique oligomers in the genomes follow similar patterns. We identified a set of 2.6 M 15-mers that are more than 1 nucleotide different from all 15-mers in the human genome and so could be used as probes to detect microbes in human samples. In a human sample, these probes would detect 100% of the 433 currently fully sequenced prokaryotes and 75% of the 3065 fully sequenced viruses. The human genome is significantly more compact in sequence space than a random genome. We identified the most frequent 5- to 20-mers in the human genome, which may prove useful as PCR primers. We also identified a bacterium, <italic>Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans</italic>, which has an exceptionally low diversity of oligomers given the size of its genome and its GC content. The entropy of coding regions in the human genome is significantly higher than non-coding regions and chromosomes. However chromosomes 1, 2, 9, 12 and 14 have a relatively high proportion of coding DNA without high entropy, and chromosome 20 is the opposite with a low frequency of coding regions but relatively high entropy.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Measures of the frequency of oligomers are useful for designing PCR assays and for identifying chromosomes and organisms with hidden structure that had not been previously recognized. This information may be used to detect novel microbes in human tissues.</p></sec><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-509) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Watson, Jd" uniqKey="Watson J">JD Watson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lander, Es" uniqKey="Lander E">ES Lander</name></author><author><name sortKey="Linton, Lm" uniqKey="Linton L">LM Linton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Birren, B" uniqKey="Birren B">B Birren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nusbaum, C" uniqKey="Nusbaum C">C Nusbaum</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zody, Mc" uniqKey="Zody M">MC Zody</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baldwin, J" uniqKey="Baldwin J">J Baldwin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Devon, K" 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Mrazek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Feller, W" uniqKey="Feller W">W Feller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Pennsylvanie</li></region></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Pennsylvanie"><name sortKey="Liu, Zhandong" sort="Liu, Zhandong" uniqKey="Liu Z" first="Zhandong" last="Liu">Zhandong Liu</name></region><name sortKey="Maley, Carlo C" sort="Maley, Carlo C" uniqKey="Maley C" first="Carlo C" last="Maley">Carlo C. Maley</name><name sortKey="Maley, Carlo C" sort="Maley, Carlo C" uniqKey="Maley C" first="Carlo C" last="Maley">Carlo C. Maley</name><name sortKey="Venkatesh, Santosh S" sort="Venkatesh, Santosh S" uniqKey="Venkatesh S" first="Santosh S" last="Venkatesh">Santosh S. Venkatesh</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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